![]() ![]() XY Diploid cell Cell with 2 of each kind of chromosomes Haploid cell cell with 1 of each kind of chromosomes (ex: Sex cell) Karyotype Diagram that shows a cell's chromosomes arranged in homologous pairs in order from largest to smallest. XX Human Male sex determining chromosomes. Sex determining chromosome chromosome(s) that determine sex of an organism Human Female sex determining chromosomes. NO autosome chromosome not directly involved in determining sex of the organism. Number of chromosomes in a human somatic cell 46 Number of chromosome pairs in a human somatic cell 23 Does number of chromosomes equal complexity of an organism. More than one gene can be on the same DNA strand. Gene a section of the DNA strand that codes for a particular trait. Sexual Asexual reporduction one organism divides to make two new IDENTICAL organisms Types of asexual reproduction binary fissionīudding Sexual Reproduction Two haploid cells fuse together to form a new organism that is a genetic combo of the parents. prokaryotic cell cells without a nucleus (Ex: Bacteria) Somatic Cell Body Cell Process that somatic cells divide Mitosis Sex cell germ cell Process that sex cells use to divide Meiosis two types of Reproduction Asexual What is cell division used for? For growthĬreate new organism What scientist contributed that all cells come from preexisting cells? Virchow What is a life cycle formation of a new organism until that organism reproduces new organism(s) Define cell cycle From formation of a new cell, as a result of cell division, to that new cell's division to produce more new cells. New cell plate (equatorial plate) forms at the equator How is a plant cell different from an animal cell during cytokinesis? Plant cells have a sturdy, strong cell wall and cannot pinch the cell membrane like the animal cell instead, a new cell wall is formed at the equator by making a cell plate or equatorial plate out of vesicles. The furrow continues to deepen until the cell is completely divided and two separate cells are formed List the events of Cytokinesis in an ANIMAL CELL? Division of the cytoplasmĪt equator the cytoplasm invaginates to form a cleavage furrow Chromosomes uncoil and become chromatiN again Dyad (double) chromosomes split at the centromereĮach sister chromatiD gets pulled in the opposite direction toward the pole List the events that occur in Telophase. Spindles attach to the centromere of the chromosomes and pull them to the MIDDLE of the cell called the EQUATOR List the events that occur in anaphase. These fibers are called ASTER FIBERS (ANCHORS) List the events that occur in metaphase. Once at poles the centrioles form additional spindles to reach and attach to cell membrane. Organelles not involved in mitosis disappearĬentriole pairs separate and move to opposite poles, but remain connected with a network of microtubules called spindle fibers Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase (PMAT) What is the nickname for prophase? Prep What is the nickname for metaphase? Middle What is the nickname for anaphase? Apart What is the nickname for telophase? Terminate List the events that occur in prophase. This form is often referred to as a chromatiD ChromatiD form of a chromosome that is one strand of DNA organized centromere location where the sister chromatids are joined after DNA replication. (double chromosome, looks like an X) Monad Chromosome one strand of DNA organized. Dyad chromosome a replicated chromosome that consists of 2 identical, sister chromatids joined at the centromere.
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